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The Effectiveness of D-Chiro Inositol Treatment in Gestational Diabetes

Nicolina Di Biase*, Monica Martinelli, Valeria Florio, Cristina Meldolesi and Marco Bonito

Background: Purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of D-chiro-inositol (DCI) in the metabolic control of women affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to examine the impact on pregnancy and fetal outcome.
Methods: A prospective, randomized, open-label, single-center, pilot study was conducted between December 2013 and December 2015 on pregnant women with GDM attending the outpatient clinic. Patients were randomized to receive or not DCI (500 mg twice a day). We evaluated maternal medical condition, fetal growth parameters and obstetric complications.
Results: A total of 137 pregnant women were enrolled and randomized to receive (n=67) or not (n=70) DCI. We found a reduction in post-prandial glucose (breakfast, lunch and dinner; p=0.005, p=0,003, p=0.005 respectively) in the DCI group. The median weight gain was 11.5 kg in the control group compared to a median increase of 9 kg in the DCI group (pT-Test=0.015). The two groups differ significantly in the number of insulin doses (on average 3 daily doses in the control group compared with 2 in the DCI group; pT-Test=0.026). The median abdominal circumference of newborns in the control group was 339 mm compared to 332 mm in the DCI group (pMann-Whitney=0.001); the median value of head circumference of newborns in the control group was 338.5 mm compared to 333 mm (pMann-Whitney=0.012). We do not find a significant difference in neonatal birth weight (3.360 kg DCI versus 3.262 kg in the control group; p=0.067) but the neonatal PI at birth was significantly lower in DCI group.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that DCI supplementation improves glucose metabolism during pregnancy, controls maternal weight gain and foetal growth. Therefore, dietary supplementation with DCI during pregnancy may be an appealing strategy for treating GDM, but should be further explored.