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Autotransplantation for the Management of Teeth with Severe Alveolar Bone Resorption: A Case Report

Ji Suk Shim, Jin-hong Park and Joo-Hee Shin

Background: In comparison with implant treatment, autotransplantation offers potential benefits associated with the use of natural teeth. The periodontal benefits of autotransplantation include bone regeneration and reestablishment of the alveolar ridge, indicating that the procedure can be effective in regions with severe bone loss.

Case Description: A 30-year-old man presented with a chief complaint of tooth pain and mobility. On examination, chronic localized periodontitis and a periapical lesion with vertical bone loss were observed. Following extraction, a third molar was autotransplanted to replace the tooth as an alternative to implant placement, followed by root canal treatment and restoration with a full crown. The patient was followed up for 4 years, during which the probing depth and mobility decreased and the periodontal ligament space and lamina dura were maintained, with no clinical discomfort or inflammation and, importantly, an increased level of alveolar bone on radiographs.

Conclusions: Autotransplantation can be an optimal treatment for the replacement of teeth surrounded by severe alveolar bone resorption if the donor tooth and patient conditions are satisfactory.

Practical Implications: Although autotransplantation has relatively strict indications and a lower success rate, the disadvantages can be overcome through prudent case selection and judicious maintenance of periodontal health.