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अमूर्त
Diverse options on recent trend of different control methods against plants diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani: A review paper
Yuliar
This a review describe the development of various methods to control plant diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani. The methods can control the diseases caused by R.solani are biologically, chemically, physically, nanotechnologically, and integrated ones. The biocontrol agents (BCAs) were able to control the diseases were as Rhizophagus intraradices, Rhizophagus clarus and Claroideoglomus etunicatum which belong to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) group, and from fungi were Penicillium brevicompactium, P. expansium, P. pinophilum, Trichoderma hamatum, T. veride, T. virens, Laetisaria avails, and from bacteria were B. amyloliquefaciens, B. brevis, B. pantotheinticus, B. pumilus, Bacillus subtilis Flavobacterium balustinum, Pseudomonas cepacia, P. fluorescens, P. putida, Rhizobium, Serratia marcescens, Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus, and S. mutabilis. Tomato and escarole green manure were the most suppressive ones in suppressing of R. solani damping-off on Lepidium sativum. While plant extract that can control the growth of R.solani are the extraction of garlic bulb with saponins, extraction of Picea neoveitchii with four flavonoids, cauliflower with caulilexins, extraction of Anemarrhena asphodeloides rhizomes with nyasol (Z)-1,3-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)-1.4- pentadiene. Brassica juncea, B. napus, and Sinapis alba which are added to the soil can protect wheat from rot root of R.solani. Temperature and moisture of soil were also reported that they could influence the level of damping-off of R.solani. Although chemical pesticides were not the best solution in plant protection from the diseases, the people still used it, such as one of the wide spectrum of novel fungicide, sedaxane. Besides, the use of copper and manganese as micronutrient can increase the resistance against R.solani rot root on clusterbean. Integrated method of fungicides and BCAs, organic amendment and BCAs, crop rotation and cultivation methods were also use. It was interesting in the development of plant protection by nanotechnology method such as application of silica-silver 10 ppm showed 100% growth inhibition of R.solani. Other nanoparticles that have applied into the crop protection are nano forms of copper, iron, silica, silver, alumino-silica and carbon. The purpose of this paper is to provide an option to addressing the problem plant diseases caused by R. solani, that appropriate with the local conditions of the soil, plant species, and the availability of the materials that can be used to suppress the disease.