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Biamperometric Applications to Antioxidant Content and Total Antioxidant Capacity Assessment: An Editorial

Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi

Oxidative stress can be regarded as the lack of balance between the reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (hydrogen peroxide H2O2, superoxide radical anion O2 −â��, singlet oxygen O2, hydroxyl radical HOâ��, hydroperoxyl radical HO2â��, hypochlorous acid HOCl, nitric oxide NO, peroxynitrite ONOO_) production and the organism’s defense ability exerted by the antioxidant system. Reactive oxygen species can promote structure alterations in all classes of biomolecules. Lipids are the most prone to oxidation: polyunsaturated fatty acids oxidation implies formation of carbonylated final products, such as malonyl dialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal. The backbone and the side chain of proteins can be attacked by reactive oxygen species, and alteration in purine and pyridine bases structure results in DNA mutations. Moreover, oxidative stress has been viewed as more complex than mere radical overproduction, being reconsidered as a perturbation of redox signaling pathways in the cell